Emaciation what occurs with extreme weight loss and unnatural thinness, it is caused by severe malnutrition and starvation which are often indicators of disease, poverty and famine as well as digestive system disorders and eating disorders. Malnutrition can often result in conditions such as organ shut down or it makes people so vulnerable to disease that they are unable to fight any form of infection, causing them to grow very sick and weary very easily. In terms of make-up effects for emaciation, there is a variety of techniques that can be used to give the look of a character who is suffering from emaciation such as; contouring various areas of the face and body in order to make the skin look more sallow (focusing around the eyes and cheekbones) as well as creating a hair thinning or hair loss effect as that adds to the impact of the overall look. For more extreme effect, prosthetic pieces or dummy doubles can be used. Along with this, there are other techniques outside of make-up that can be used in filming to give the illusion of emaciation such as clothing that is purposely too big for the actor and often the way the scene is shot can help to add to the effect. Although a lot of the time, slim actors will be cast to play such roles and in rare occasions, some actors will method act and therefore physically change their body type for the role such as Christian Bale.

Weight gain means to have an increase in body weight overall which means to have an increase of muscle mass, fat deposits and excess fluids such as water. Weight gain can lead to serious medical conditions such as obesity and high cholesterol which can severely effect a person’s health. Weight gain often occurs when someone regularly eats more calories than use for them through normal bodily functions and physical activity, this effect that eating has on wight gain can be greatly varied depending on energy and foods. Generally, losing weight means eating fewer calories and more physical activity, however there is more to it than just that. In terms of make-up, weight gain can be creating using a vast range of techniques; a very popular method for creating this effect is by using foam latex pieces and a fat suit for the actor to wear underneath costume. The prosthetic pieces that are used to create this effect are firstly cast in silicone and are then painted using IPA alcohol activated paint or PAX paint which is a combination of latex paint and glue. the company RBFX create very realistic foam latex pieces that are usually painted in two different tones of PAX paint, a more red tone for muscle and capillaries and the base foundation tone. This effect is mainly used in comedy for TV and film, although it can also be used for the purpose of flashbacks, muscle gain or loss over a period of time and for ageing.

Medical prosthetics, most of the time are silicone based for medical purposes as these are the most durable and the most suitable in terms of their realism. Medical prosthetics are used as replacement for missing parts of the body such as teeth, eyes, noses and even limbs and their uses vary from functionality to cosmetic reasons. The most commonly made medical prosthetics usually tend to be ears as many children are often born with ear defects and noses as skin cancer often starts in the nose and often the nose must be amputated to restrict the cancer from spreading. Along with this, prosthetics can also be used in order to replace any hips, knees, elbows, ankles and finger joints as well as prosthetic implants. Technology has advanced a vast amount throughout the years and therefore so has medical prosthetics with there now being 3D modelling which is commonly available and allows the measurements of the prosthetics to be perfectly fit to each individual person. An artist named William Root started to develop unique and interesting prosthetic limb designs such as see through patterns all whilst retaining their functionality, this was to give people who require a prosthetic limb a boost of confidence as the unique, striking designs of the prosthetics allows the user to express themselves more artistically by turning their disability into a piece of artwork. Although as of yet, out is still unrefined, there are further advances in terms of prosthetics still underway such as nerve detectors and even brain and consciously controlled limbs along with other prosthetics such as eyes that will respond well to cognitive responses. In order to work for this specific industry, you would need to become a reconstructive scientist which would require a first year of a dental degree, medical background and the ability of being able to work with patients with possible psychological issues. The greatest achievement that has come of medical prosthetics is the sense of confidence it restores in patients how much it is able to combat physical and mental restraints that were caused because of a certain disability.

Weight gain means to have an increase in body weight overall which means to have an increase of muscle mass, fat deposits and excess fluids such as water. Weight gain can lead to serious medical conditions such as obesity and high cholesterol which can severely effect a person’s health. Weight gain often occurs when someone regularly eats more calories than use for them through normal bodily functions and physical activity, this effect that eating has on wight gain can be greatly varied depending on energy and foods. Generally, losing weight means eating fewer calories and more physical activity, however there is more to it than just that. In terms of make-up, weight gain can be creating using a vast range of techniques; a very popular method for creating this effect is by using foam latex pieces and a fat suit for the actor to wear underneath costume. The prosthetic pieces that are used to create this effect are firstly cast in silicone and are then painted using IPA alcohol activated paint or PAX paint which is a combination of latex paint and glue. the company RBFX create very realistic foam latex pieces that are usually painted in two different tones of PAX paint, a more red tone for muscle and capillaries and the base foundation tone. This effect is mainly used in comedy for TV and film, although it can also be used for the purpose of flashbacks, muscle gain or loss over a period of time and for ageing.

Emaciation what occurs with extreme weight loss and unnatural thinness, it is caused by severe malnutrition and starvation which are often indicators of disease, poverty and famine as well as digestive system disorders and eating disorders. Malnutrition can often result in conditions such as organ shut down or it makes people so vulnerable to disease that they are unable to fight any form of infection, causing them to grow very sick and weary very easily. In terms of make-up effects for emaciation, there is a variety

of techniques that can be used to give the look of a character who is suffering from emaciation such as; contouring various areas of the face and body in order to make the skin look more sallow (focusing around the eyes and cheekbones) as well as creating a hair thinning or hair loss effect as that adds to the impact of the overall look. For more extreme effect, prosthetic pieces or dummy doubles can be used. Along with this, there are other techniques outside of make-up that can be used in filming to give the illusion of emaciation such as clothing that is purposely too big for the actor and often the way the scene is shot can help to add to the effect. Although a lot of the time, slim actors will be cast to play such roles and in rare occasions, some actors will method act and therefore physically change their body type for the role such as Christian Bale.

Along with their medical usage, false teeth are often extremely useful in TV and Film to complete the look of a character whether that be realistic or not. Fake Teeth or dentures for special effects in TV and film are often made from acrylics as they are able to mold into a variety of shapes whilst sitting well in the actor’s mouth and are often made by dental technicians. The design of the teeth varies in each project, however the most common use of fake teeth are translucent teeth to to make the actor’s teeth look brighter, broken teeth for looks such as after a fight or drug addicts and for the more fantasy looks; vampire teeth and zombie decaying teeth. Some good examples of the usage of fake teeth in TV and Films are; ‘Mrs Doubtfire’ where the character wore fake dentures, ‘Austin Powers’ which included comically over sized teeth, ‘What We Do In The Shadows’ which has a wide range of vampire teeth from the traditional fangs to a more monstrous full set, ‘The Walking Dead’ for it’s usage of decayed teeth in the zombies and ‘Breaking Bad’ for the use of broken teeth with the drug addicts. The process of creating the false teeth involves using dental articulators and dental models in order to ensure that all aspects are taken into consideration. A big part of this entire process is making sure the teeth are comfortable for the actor and that they don’t restrict the actor’s speech in anyway so the actor is still able to speak and act. False teeth can also be used in biopic films to add to that extra historical accuracy of the particular person, the false teeth for this will be made as close to the persons as possible.

(Dear Doctor, 2015)

False teeth (or dentures) are specifically designed to have the purpose of replacing any missing teeth and therefore correcting any problems that may have arisen due to gaps in the mouth such as eating or speech as well as preventing the teeth at either side of the gap from growing at an angle. False teeth are made of either acrylics, Nylon or metal and come in two varieties; complete dentures which replace all the upper and lower teeth or partial dentures which replace one or a few missing teeth. For application – complete dentures should fit securely over the gum and jawbone and partial dentures usually clip on to the natural teeth surrounding the gaps with metal clasps, dental adhesive such as Fixodent can be used to secure them further if they should become loose for whatever reason. Aside from physical problems, missing teeth can cause psychological problems such as low self-esteem, dentures help with that as they give the client a lot more confidence. Other types of dentures include; removable dentures which are dentures that are easier to clean, however they have the tendency to slip out of place more easily and therefore clients often have to avoid chewy, sticky or hard foods, and flexible dentures which are dentures that are more flexible and more durable so they are more comfortable to wear as well as being more light weight and less bulky. Over time, false teeth can start to show signs that they need to be adjusted or repaired such as cracks, odor coming from the teeth, the teeth not fitting as securely as before, or finding difficulty in chewing food.

(NHS, 2018)

(Gotter,2018)

Decomposition is the process that begins at point of death and involves various stages of the body naturally decomposing including the visual aspects such as; the skin becoming loose with layers of skin becoming more detached and falling away, a blue-ish tint appearing on  the body due to blood becoming stationary and the skin shrinks back on the nails and hair line. These more visual aspects can be replicated for TV and film through the use of make-up; Creame or alcohol paints can be used to pale out the skin and also add the blue-ish tint to it whilst silicone prosthetic pieces can be used to create the effect of the skin falling away and detaching itself. Furthermore, in TV and Film, dead bodies are used for fictional creates such as zombies which are walking corpses, for such things further work can be done to the make-up such as the use of latex and silicone to create wounds, rotting flesh, although the silicone is most commonly ised for prosthetic pieces such as the brow area and cheekbones to build on the natural areas in order to create the appearance of decomposition as these prosthesis enhance the hollowed areas of the face, as well as fake blood, zombie creme paint colour wheels, contact lenses, fake hair and fake teeth for the more supernatural zombie effect. Zombies are fictional creatures based on the process of decomposition, therefore the make-up artist,s job is to create an exaggerated look at decomposition whilst keeping a element of realism, although this can vary depending on the overall vision the director has.

This particular session was aimed around creating fake receding hairline’s and signs of balding for characters in TV and film along with creating individual head pieces for a character’s hair growth patterns. the most effective and efficient way of crating a male baldness pattern such as a receding hairline is by using plastil 10 gel silicone which acts as a skin simulation silicone in order to create the most realistic looks. By using this product, you are able to create a baldness pattern by punching through real or synthetic hair through the silicone on a sideways angle in order to get the most realistic results. Most commonly, this is used to create the varying effects of male baldness patterns in order to fit a character in a film or TV show that may age or lose hair over the course of the story. Although this is mainly used for male characters as balding is most commonly found in men, it is applicable to characters of any gender as the story may require the character to go through such a transformation, however many actor for such roles will commit to shaving their head for the role of the character or as it will be required for them to achieve the most effective look such as Bryan Cranston in Breaking Bad. You can also use this method to create a new hair growth pattern for an actor if they are filming a Biopic film in which hair growth patterns are very important as they are often quite iconic to the person the film is based on and therefore completes the entire look in order to accurately transform the actor into the character.

During this particular session  we learned the process of making blood bags which allow artists to be able to create the illusion that blood is pouring out of an open wound. the blood bags are created by using cling film to act as the bag element, this is placed within a circle created by your finger and thumb and pushed down a decent amount whilst giving allowance to some overflow cling film around the sides of your finger. I then poured Kryolan dark blood into the bag as this type of blood is the right consistency and colour and created the bag by twisting all the excess cling film until, the bag was tight. How tight you make your bag will all depend on how much force you are wanting to push into the bag before it bursts and this will depend on the type of injury or effect it is intended to be used for. With this newly created bag, I then tied some string around it to secure the tightness of it and the blood bag is finished. These simple to make blood bags can be used for a variety of effects on TV, Film and theatre, however they are most commonly used to create the effect of instant blood flow and splatter of a wound such as a gun shot. In each instance are able to be easily concealed on the actor or somehow obstructed from the audience’s view of the particular scene and then controlled either manually or on higher budget productions – remotely, in which they are wired to burst through a separate remote control.